Maternal Depression And Its Effects On Many Individuals

Introduction Maternal depression can have effects on many individuals. It is a disorder that can have ramifications on women, men, children, and families. Maternal depression is not a disorder that just happens postnatal , this diagnosis can occur in the prenatal stages. It s estimated that 1 in 10 pregnant women and 13 percent of new mothers experience depression. Maternal depression is a mood disorder that begins before or immediately after childbirth. It affects a mother or fathers ability to adequately care for her young child (Wahowiak, 2014). Symptoms include changes in sleeping and/or eating patterns, irritability, mood swings, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, crying jags and difficulty concentrating. Unlike the baby blues, which typically last only a few weeks, postpartum depression lasts longer and can be more severe. In addition, a lack of energy, withdrawal from family and friends, unexplained anxiety, and certain physical ailments such as headaches and heart palpitations co uld also be symptoms of depression. On average, maternal depression peaks 4 years after the birth of their child .individuals experiencing maternal depression may also find that they are uninterested in the new baby or have irrational fears of harming them (Wahowiak, 2014). Individuals who suffer from maternal depression are less likely to implement safety measures in the home, such as the use of child safety gates, electrical outlet covers and car seats and they are less likelyShow MoreRelatedMaternal Depression in Women and Its Effect on the Family1097 Words   |  4 PagesMaternal Depression Depression is a prevalent issue among women. Approximately 25% of women in will have a major depressive disorder at least once in their lifetime and 15% of the female population will experience post-partum depression. (Women and Mental Illness, 2003) With these numbers, it is obvious that maternal depression has profound effect on the Canadian family. Mother have the most influence in a childs life, since they generally more involved in raising the children then men are. InRead MoreThe Role Of Literature Of Maternal Depression During Prenatal Stages1110 Words   |  5 Pages Evaluating the Relationship of Literature of Maternal Depression during Prenatal Stages. Depression can occur at any time. We often hear talk of postpartum depression or the baby blues, which occurs shortly after the birth of a baby. Though we rarely discuss depression that occurs during pregnancy or prenatal depression. There are estimates that as many as 70% of women will experience symptoms of depression during pregnancy, making it a widespread concern. 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When assessing the character roles that nurture creates, you must include many factors. A study called TEDS, Twin Early Development study, collected data over 16 years for thousands of twins. The research collectedRead MoreGuaranteed Paid On The United States Essay1346 Words   |  6 Pages22, 2016 Guaranteed Paid Maternal Leave in the United States Today there are two countries in the world that do not currently guarantee paid maternity leave for employed new mothers and/or expecting mothers, those countries are the United States and Papua New Guinea, according to the International Labour Organization, an United Nations agency, which recommends a minimum 18 week maternity leave (Rubin 2016, p.1). In recent years, the controversial issue of guaranteed maternal leave has been a prominentRead MoreHow Does Cortisol Affect Our Lives?1322 Words   |  6 Pageswith the help of your trusty friend, cortisol. 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The unfortun ate reality of this is that many people claim to experience depression, and due to the frequency of the complaint, it could be looked over. Although the severity of one’s depression may vary, its end result may be fatal. Depression makes a person extremely vulnerable to suicide. Suicide is the leading cause of death among depressed individuals. Depression can also have negative consequences on aRead MoreWomen Should Be A Breastfeeding Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesnot have as many negative effects on an infant as some think. Some researchers disagree and think it is essential that infants are getting human milk for at least the first six months of life. It comes down ultimately to the woman s choice. However, women should invest in breastfeeding because there are positive short and long-term effects for the baby, as well as maternal benefits. So what are some of the short-term effects associated with breastfeeding an infant? Well, there are many. Breastfed

Oil/Gas Pipelines Opportunities and Challenges Free Essays

Oil has become the most in-demand product in the world. It has become the center of round-table discussions, and never that a single day passed without it being on the news. Decrease in its supply could mean the downfall of nations, especially the industrialized ones. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil/Gas Pipelines: Opportunities and Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was evident in three world oil crises in 1973, 1979, and a brief one in 1990, which reversed the flow of money, making the oil-producing countries in the Middle East the vital force that could change the direction of the future of the world. Their cut-offs in production led to the creation of policies and rules on consumption, saving, and independence from oil. A nation, controlling the production, selling, and over-all management of oil, is assured of a significant posting in any field of the world’s lifestyle, but most importantly in politics and economics (Tanter, 2007). To become something like this, a nation should invest in ways on how to transport oil from its sources to its consumers, like the creation of networks of pipelines. Research and development projects have been carried out and continuously be done to meet the challenges in connection with oil and gas pipelines. One of these is the continuing drive to discover more oil and gas reserves locked under the earth or offshore. There are still many places in the planet that need to be explored. Even the most extreme environments should be included, like what they did to the North Sea. Designing and manufacturing pipes will still emerge as one of the important factors in the realm of oil and gas pipelines. Through the years, designs have been continuously improved to accommodate several factors like environment, and the nature of oil and gas. Researchers now consider the direct relationship of the size of the diameter of the pipe with the flow capacity of the product. Moreover, they also examine the expansion and contraction of pipes during the transportation of oil and gas due to significant temperature change, which could result to cracks, collapse tensions, and other similar effects. Materials will continuously be tested to determine the best for pipes. Though steel is already being used, improvements are still being done to test durability. Stresses and fractures, especially offshore projects, should be accounted for to minimize the percentage of failure. Cathodic protection against corrosion should be upheld to the highest level to assure the survivability of the pipes throughout the project. Terrorism attacks on pipelines will remain one of the most feared human phenomena. This is due to the fact that whenever pipelines are bombed or attacked, industries are affected. With this, countries should strengthen their monitoring schemes to ensure the safety and zero attack on their pipelines. Keeping with the laws of nature and environment also poses great challenge to companies engaged in oil and gas pipelines. Discovery of new sites for extraction will always encounter similar scenario with the trans-Alaska crude pipeline project, which was delayed for nine years, because the construction of pipelines was attached to environmental issues (Kennedy, 1993). Environmentalists will still be around the corner to watch the movements of oil companies. A greater challenge is on the side of politics and regulation. Better policies and laws covering the construction of pipelines, and transportation of oil and gas should be enacted to cover threats and possible failure-causing movements, especially in explorations crossing two different countries. Faster approval of laws should be done to maximize the economic potentials of the discovered oil and gas reserves. The greatest challenge could be the offering of affordable price of pipelined products to consumers. Companies must take note that the advancements they make with pipe designs and manufacturing, and the entire pipeline construction and transportation project, should go at par with the purchasing power of consumers, who are directly affected by any oil price hike. Since the drilling of the first commercial oil well in 1859 in Pennsylvania, the evolution of pipelines has gone a long way, though remaining as the most economical way (Kennedy, 1993). Oil and gas pipelines are efficient, using only 4% of the energy content of the transported product. This is far better in comparison with other modes of transportation like water, rail, and trucks (Dykesteen Frantzen, 1991). Higher levels of technology give way for the development of better pipes and more sophisticated pipeline networks. These could yield higher efficiency rate and better service for the people, who basically need the product in their everyday living. The construction of country’s own pipelines could spell independence from importing oil and gas from foreign countries. This could also alleviate problems on oil crisis, and cut-off on importation rate. This could consequently clip the country to economic prosperity because of the removal of the burdens of oil importation. Pipelines transport oil, and natural gas from extracting wells located in the different parts of the globe, including the most hostile areas like Alaska and Siberia. These products are then refined, and prepared for consumption by all citizens in all corners of the world. These products when properly used could continuously fuel the economic progress of any country involved with it. References: CBC News Online. 2006. The price of oil – in context. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/oil/. Dykesteen, E K Frantzen. 1991. Multiphase Fraction Meter Developed and Field Tested. Oil Gas Journal. 18 February 1991: 50. Kennedy, JL. 1993. Oil And Gas Pipeline Fundamentals. 2nd ed. Oklahoma: PennWell Books. Tanter, R. 2007. Pipeline Politics: Oil, Gas and the US Interest in Afghanistan. Znet. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.zmag.org/tanteroil.htm. Tobin, J. 2006. Additions on the Capacity of the US Natural Gas Pipeline Network: 2005. Energy Information Administration, Office of Oil and Gas. Retrieved 29 June 2007. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/feature_articles/2006/ngpipeline/ngpipeline.pdf. How to cite Oil/Gas Pipelines: Opportunities and Challenges, Essay examples

Globalization Human Development Essay Example For Students

Globalization Human Development Essay Kazakhstan and Pakistan Abstract Globalization provides opportunities for developing countries to progress economically and increase human development. This paper defines the difference between economic development and human development and shows that Pakistan is at the low end of human development, while Kazakhstan is at and average level, considered a middle income country. Human development goes beyond measures of GDP, literacy rates, and life expectancy. Factors such as education, gender equality, welfare, and human rights are also very important. Introduction In this paper we discuss the economic, social, and human development of Kazakhstan and Pakistan in the era of globalization. For the purpose of this discussion, we treat economic, social, and human development as essential the same, in contrast to economic growth of the respective countries. The distinction between growth and development is important, since we are focusing on the impact of globalization and development on each countrys society. Economic growth refers to the increasing ability of a nation to produce more goods and services. Economic development implies that individuals of that nation will be better off due to changes in economic and social structures that will reduce or eliminate poverty. Economic development can be measured in a number of different ways including the Human Development Index, a Gender Empowerment Measure, a Human Poverty Index and a Human Freedom Index. All of these measures were developed by the United Nations Development Program. Globalization can have both negative and positive affects on a nation. It can impact levels of economic growth a country may experience, impact levels of unemployment or impact a countrys quality of life. While, theoretically, having an increasing national output means greater material welfare and a rise in living standards, it does not equate to having higher levels of well being for individuals in that nation. Economic growth can, in fact, have negative impacts on a nation including environmental degradation and the loss of traditional cultural values. It also may mean there is greater inequality between different classes in society, that is, the gap between the rich and the poor may grow. It is for these reasons that economic development measurements are also used. Economic growth as a measure fails to account for other important social and economic factors such as the size of the black market, domestic work which is not given a financial value, the level of damage to the environment and inequalities in income distribution. Various indicators have been developed to compensate for the limitations of economic growth measurements. Rather than just measuring the economic living standards in a country, development indicators measure the welfare of individuals in that country. The main development indicator used is the Human Development Index (HDI), devised by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to measure the economic achievements of a nation in combining economic growth as well as social welfare. The HDI takes into account three major factors: Life expectancy at birth: High levels of longevity are critical for a countrys economic and social well being. Levels of educational attainment: The HDI measures adult literacy and the ratio of people in primary, secondary and tertiary education. Gross Domestic Product per capita: seen as being a measurement of the ability of people to access goods and services. The HDI is essentially a score between 0 and 1. A score of 0 would mean no human development has taken place and a score of 1 is the maximum amount of human development. In 2001, Kazakhstan and Pakistan were ranked as number 76 and 144, respectively. Kazakhstans index was 0.765, which is above the world average of 0. 722, and can be considered a middle income country with medium human development. The regional index for East Asia and the Pacific coincides with the world average of 0.722. Pakistan on the other hand is ranked much lower at 144, with an index of 0.499. This indicates that the country is far below the world average and even lower than the average low income country with an index value of 0. .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab , .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .postImageUrl , .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab , .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:hover , .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:visited , .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:active { border:0!important; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:active , .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87f2999b277a5fe6755401b25fed79ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Light In August By William Faulkner Essay561. It is also in the category of low human development and does not even come close the above mentioned regional average. Globalization can impact a nation in a variety of ways. A positive effect .

La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis Essay Example

La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis Paper La Belle Dame Sans Merci is an allegorical poem that uses folklore and tradition to represent ideas about life and impending death. These two contrasting themes are represented with the use of nature as a moderator for the authors imagery and diction throughout the twelve stanzas of the poem. We can relate the emotions conveyed by the young, dying knight to the author, who was also very young at the time and was dying of tuberculosis. Stanzas 1 2 Stanza one opens with an unknown persona in the 3rd person. This suggests an omnipresent, mysterious being that knows of the subject. The unknown person immediately addresses the subject as the knight-at-arms who is alone and palely loitering. This unknown speaker is an ambiguous character; he could be a mere passer-by that asks the knight what ail thee or maybe a voice inside the knights head encouraging the knight to pick himself up from a world where no birds sing. The author uses the environment to describe the state of the knight, for example, the withered sedge could symbolize the knights bad health. The second stanza opens, repeating the first line in the first stanza. We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on La Belle Dame Sans Merci Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The second stanza then goes on to describe the knight as haggard looking in a world where the harvests done. This incremental repetition shows a different perspective on the knight. The first description in stanza one suggests a whole world that is beyond repair, but the second stanza describes a world that has once been a good place to live in as the squirrel has filled his granary. Could this voice describing the first two stanzas have made the subject realise that if the world was once great, then why cant it be great again? Or could the ending harvest signify the end of the knights life and happiness? Stanzas 3 6 Stanza three opens with the 1st person, the poetic voice is now the knight himself. He sees a lily on thy brow, lilies are associated with death and this is what he foresees on his brow. Also on his brow are anguish and fever-dew, this could suggest that the knight-at-arms is angry at the fact that he is dying as he may be young, like the author, with a full life ahead of him. In that line is some consonance which makes an s sound: as the s sound is often linked with whispers and quietness, the knight may want to keep his anguish moist secret because he is an honourable figure, a knight, that must not be seen angry at what is happening to him. He then sees a fading rose on his cheeks, roses are associated with beauty and he sees himself fading away. The next line keeps this theme of flowers by saying that the rose, his beauty, is fast withering. The indefinite article is used to describe these two flowers: perhaps because he is not familiarised with these two symbols and they are not yet a feature of his person. Stanza four continues in the first person when the knight meets a lady in the meads. He describes her as beautiful and has wild eyes. In previous stanzas, the use of nature is a physical describer but it is now being used as a metaphorical one. In stanza five, the lady he meets looks at him as she did love and made sweet moan. The ambiguity of the line could suggest rape or intercourse; the sweet moan could imply sexual intercourse, or possibly a sweet moan of happiness that she had found love. If it was intended to be rape, then I believe an enjambment would be placed before the sweet moan as the situation would be a rapid one. The sixth stanza starts to hint that the lady is possibly enchanted or of magical powers as she sings a faerys song. As the subject takes her away on his pacing steed and sees nothing else but her all day long. This could have physical or metaphorical connotations that either he is close to her and looking at her all day or that the thought of loving her is so vast that he cannot think about anything else. These last three stanzas talk about what the knight does to the lady, but this will soon change to what the lady does to the man, possibly suggesting a change in domination. Stanzas 7 9 Stanza seven opens with she found me roots of relish sweet. This is different to the previous stanzas which open with I made, I met. I believe this suggests a shift in domination. Here we find another reference to her paranormal being as she seems to make a potion of relish and manna-dew and then says I love you in language strange. This could be expressing her love, or possibly a spell? Stanza eight opens with a change of location as the lady takes the knight away to her elfin grot. It is there when she weeps as something has suddenly upset her. If the reader believes that the poem is based on rape then it could be that she cries of humiliation that she has been raped. Maybe she has been raped as the young knight is dying and wanted to fulfil manly needs before his demise. On the other hand, the reader may think that she is crying because her true love is dying. Maybe the potion that the lady made was to help cure him, or maybe it has done more bad than good for the knight. We can t ell that he is about to die as in the ninth stanza, he is lulled asleep and dreams the latest dream he ever dreamt. This past tense suggests that he is writing this poem or stanza posthumously. Stanzas 10 12 The tenth stanza opens in the latest dream. I believe this dream to be a recounting, both physically and metaphorically, of the knights short life. He sees pale warriors in the place he is in, all death-pale suggesting that he is in a place of dead bodies, either a graveyard or the after life. He dreams of men of power kings, princes and warriors which could suggest what his ambitions were. He then hears them cry La Belle Dame Sans Merci, they have also been associated with the lady that the knight met in the meads. The starved lips described in stanza eleven may suggest that the lady starved them or enchanted them in ways that malnourished them, maybe not out of malice, but her enchantments did not work for humans which could explain the theory that she is crying out of guilt in stanza eight. The last stanza drifts back into the present, explaining the consequences of his dream, back in the world that he started in when he met the lady. The word sojourn suggests he may be there for a long time, and is possibly looking for another lady like the Belle or maybe even her. The place may be hell where people like the Belle trick you into love only to find yourself more depressed. The poem conveys the message that love can raise people out of the worst places, and that you should always take opportunities and live your life to the full as you never know when it is going to end. Theme The themes running through the poem are death, life, love and magic. The knight is about to die but goes about having one of the best days of his life by meeting the lady that he loves and she loves him. There is uncertainty whether the lady is enchanted o if the knight just sees her as enchanting with her love. Eventually the knight dies and reflects on his life. The contrast of themes in this poem is possibly one of the most dynamic contrasts existing, life and death. They create ambiguity out of simple concepts as they are so powerful and deep. The most important moral from the poem is that love can overcome death, even impending death, and that love can make even a dying person happy. Imagery The imagery from this poem is mostly created through nature and the comparison of livings things to allegorical things. The nature being described explains the way that the subject is acting and feeling, for example, the harvests done suggests that his life is done and it is his time to pass. The author uses naturalistic symbols, like lilies and roses, to explain the poetic voices situation and compares them with what they symbolize. Sounds As I described before, the author uses consonance to both appeal to the senses and hide a deeper meaning. Not only does the use of consonance is the phrase anguish moist give aural quality, but the s sound also implies secrecy of the anguish. With little alliteration, and strong sound changes, the poems words are thought about and spoken for longer than a normal one would. Structure The poem is written in a ballad and has the rhyme scheme of ABCB. Each line has eight syllables to it, with the last line of each stanza varying from four to five syllables. There are twelve stanzas of four lines, totalling in a forty-eight line ballad. The absence of contraction to fit the rhyme scheme proves that the author deliberated over each and every word. Diction The incremental repetition in the first two stanzas not only appealed to the senses as an organised piece, but also suggested deeper meaning and idea in the knights thoughts. The starved lips phrase also invokes thought as to why these people of high authority were starves, starved of air in a strangulation, starved of food, food that starved them? Authorial Intention I believe the authors intention was to convey his emotions through a fictional character that would allow the author to exaggerate certain aspects of his illness and pick up on certain feelings that he has felt during his short life. Knowing that he was to die as both his parents died of the disease that he contracted, I believe the author predicts the worst for himself and over stresses the situation. He, as well as the knight, is in love whilst he is dying and also feels angry that his life and love is to be cut short. Again, this may be a tribute to his lover as the poem conveys a message that love can even conquer death, and that his lovers love is helping him to live through his illness and dying process. My Response I think that the author has encoded his life into this piece and challenges the reader to look deeper into the poem to really find out more about his life. The poem starts off confusing, but as it progresses through its twelve stanzas, it becomes more clear how the author/knight is feeling and why. The morals that the author conveys are put across in exaggerated ways but with the knowledge of the authors illness, we can easily apply what is happening to his life. Whether he intends for the lady to be a person or just life itself, he loves it and proves that love is the most important thing in life. With this love of life, yet the anger of it being cut short so early, the author seems as if he can conquer anything, even a faerys child. We can apply this in our day to day lives, whatever we want we can have if we love what we are trying to achieve.

Indra Nooyi †Leadership Style Essay Essays

Indra Nooyi – Leadership Style Essay Essays Indra Nooyi – Leadership Style Essay Paper Indra Nooyi – Leadership Style Essay Paper Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi. who is a adult female comes from India. she is a director and leader of PepsiCo Incorporated. At her age of 50. she became the CEO. Leader is a function of a squad or organisation. the thoughts he/she thinks about and the scheme he/she decides will play an of import function in a group. In add-on. being a successful leader by and large needs to hold more high demands. such as the managerial cognition. communicational accomplishment. originative ability and particularly his/her leading manner. There is no uncertainty that Nooyi can be equal to such a great place today because she non merely is equipped with these conditions but besides she has an first-class leading manner. Harmonizing to Darling and Leffel’s ( 2001 ) model. this paper will measure how Indra Nooyi develops her leading manner of Analyzer and Director and go a successful every bit good as effectual leader. Kreitner and Kinicki ( as cited in Darling A ; Leffel. 2001. p356 ) province leading is a procedure where on single usher and help a group to accomplish a common end. Bing a successful leader. he/she should hold profound cognition every bit good as accomplishments. Additionally. Leadership is distinguished form direction and this differentiation is important. Kotterman ( 2006 ) explains that to direction is that taking duty to carry through and carry on the undertakings every bit good as mark. However. he besides states that to take agencies to direct and act upon by an action every bit good as sentiment. Furthermore. Darling and Leffel ( 2001 ) point out that leading manners can be classified into four types which include Analyzer. Connector. Director and Creator. all of which are assorted. However. different leaders and manners are required in different state of affairss. which is what Morrison ( 2000 ) illustrates that different leading manners generate different influence and si gnificance on the entrepreneurial spirit. Harmonizing to Darling and Leffel ( 2001 ) . by analysing the four chief leading manners. Indra Nooyi. CEO of PepsiCo. could be regarded as an Analyzer. Analyzers by and large are system. cautious. Searching information and roll uping a big figure of informations are ever required before analysers executing undertakings. Analyzers besides are persevering. nonsubjective. They ever are non emotionally and they can command themselves good. In add-on. analysers by and large manage clearly and orderly. when facing with the bad state of affairss or major jobs they will non easy compromise ( Darling A ; Leffel. 2001 ) . Nooyi is such a type of leading. In 1994. Nooyi analyzed the market and she found that the growing rate of Fried nutrient and quick repasts which are â€Å"unhealthy† nutrient of the eating house industry bit by bit developed easy because people started to concentrate on healthy feeding and nutrition jobs. Then. Nooyi resolutely proposed to whirl out the nutrient and drink concern. split over the transcribed concern at the same clip and listed them separately. all of which can cut down the fixed capital and advance the overall influence of PepsiCo ( Jagannathan. 2009 ) . Furthermore. Nooyi identified the market and recommended that halt in carbonated drinks tend to be saturated market competition environment and open up new fruit drinks market as she considered that advancing healthy nutrient and drink is really important for constructing PepsiCo’s trade name image. In 1998. Nooyi acquired Tropicana which is fruit juice company trade name and merchandise line ( Hays. 1998 ) . In add-on to a Director manner. Nooyi besides could be considered as a Director. As Darling and Leffel ( 2001 ) explain the manner of manager is matter-of-fact ; they are clear about their undertakings and ends and are able to work firm in conformity with this way. What is more. they ever pay attending to the consequences. Director is confident and determined ; they non merely like to accept new challenge but besides have the bravery to take hazards. As a CFO. in 2001. under the way of Nooyi. Pepsi Company completed the acquisition of Quaker Oats ( Quaker Qats ) 2002 R A ; D attempts to develop healthy merchandises and all the merchandises are divided into three classs: the â€Å"beneficial class† ( good for you ) . â€Å"health class† ( better for you ) and â€Å"fun† ( merriment for you ) . as a effect. PepsiCo’s non-carbonated drink industry in the universe to busy a market portion of 25 % . 1. 5 times that of the major rivals of Coca-Cola. After Nooyi became CEO of PepsiCo. She began to pay attending to PepsiCo merchandises wellness and balanced construct through the acquisition and merchandise invention. further enrich the merchandise line. Specific steps are successfully amalgamation and acquisition Stacy’s Bagel. Pita Chips. Izze carbonated drinks concern in North America. there are besides including fruit and vegetable juice drinks ( Jagannathan. 2009 ) . Nooyi non merely can be considered and regarded as a successful director but besides can be an effectual leader. To exemplify Nooyi’s effectivity. looking back on the public presentations that Nooyi achieved. for illustration. when Nooyi was SVP. due to her scheme steps that are logical. serious and thorough. the net incomes of gross revenues of the company were grown a batch. which rose from US $ 20. 337 million in 1996 to US $ 26. 935 million in 2001 ( Jagannathan. 2009 ) . What is more. Jagannathan ( 2009 ) mentioned that during that period Nooyi as CFO. the growing of gross revenues of the PepsiCo increased from US $ 25. 112 million in 2002 to US $ 35. 137 million in 2006. Most significantly. with the great attempts of Nooyi. PepsiCo Company has been built up a positive and healthy trade name every bit good as image around the universe. In decision. by synthesising the account of Darling and Leffel’s ( 2001 ) model. it is obvious that the characters of Nooyi’s Analysis every bit good as way are showed highly good. Those schemes which include the spin-in of nutrient and drink concern. the acquisition of Tropicana every bit good as Quaker Oats all prove Nooyi has extremely acute analysis ability and long-run vision. Undoubtedly. Nooyi plays a curial function in Pepsico Company. without the smart analysis every bit good as brave determination of Nooyi. and if Nooyi do non concentrate on vision as an Analyzer and Director. PepsiCo may non obtain such great accomplishments. In the hereafter. people believe that Nooyi will develop and beef up PepsiCo Company more and more expeditiously with her â€Å"performance with purpose† scheme. Mentions list Darling. J. A ; Leffel. A. ( 2009 ) . Developing the leading Team in an Entrepreneurial Venture: A instance Concentrating on the Importance of Styles. _Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship_ . 23 ( 3 ) . 355-371. Hays. C. ( 1998. July 21 ) . Pepsico to pay $ 3. 3 Billion For Tropicana. _The New York Times_ . p. 1. Retrieved signifier: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/1998/07/21/business/pepsico-to-pay-3. 3-billion-for-tropicana. htm Jagannathan. R. ( 2009 ) . Leadership-The Indra Nooyi Way. _IBS centre fordirection Research_ . Retrieved signifier: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. icmrindia. org/casestudies/catalogue/Leadership % 20and % 20Entrepreneurship/LDEN058. htm Kotterman. J. ( 2006 ) . Leadership versus direction: What ‘s the difference? _The Journal for Quality and Participation_ . 29 ( 2 ) . 13-17. Retrieved signifier: hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com. libraryproxy. Griffith. edu. au/docview/219091679? accountid=14543 Morrison. J. A. ( 2000 ) . Developing a Global Leadership Model. _Human Resource Management_ . 39 ( 2 A ; 3 ) . 117-131. Department of the interior: 10. 1002/1099-050X

Teach for America - Profile on the Teach for America Program

Teach for America - Profile on the Teach for America Program What is Teach for America: Part of Americorps, Teach for America is a national program for new and recent college graduates where they commit to teach for two years in a low-income school teaching disadvantaged students. The mission of the organization according to their website is to build the movement to eliminate educational inequity by enlisting our nations most promising future leaders in the effort. Since its inception in 1990, 17,000 individuals have participated in this rewarding program. Benefits of Participation: First and foremost, participating in Teach for America is a service organization where new teachers can truly make a difference right from the start. Over the course of the two years of involvement, teachers recive five weeks of intensive pre-service training and then ongoing professional development for the course of the program. Participants receive the pay and benefits of a typical teacher for the region where they are working. The program also provides teachers with loan forbearance along with $4,725 at the end of each year of service. They also provide transitional grants and loans ranging from $1000 to $6000. A Little Bit of History: Wendy Kopp presented the idea for Teach for America as an undergraduate at Princeton University. At the age of 21, she raised $2.5 million dollars and began recruiting teachers. The first year of service was in 1990 with 500 teachers. Today over 2.5 million students have been affected by this program. How to Get Involved: According to their website, Teach for America seeks a diverse group of promising future leaders who have the leadership skills to change the prospects of students.... Those recruited do not have to have any prior teaching experience. The competition is stiff. In 2007, only 2,900 were accepted out of 18,000 applicants. Applicants must apply online, participate in a 30 minute phone interview, and if invited attend a full-day face-to-face interview. The application is long and requires a lot of thought. It is suggested that applicants spend some time preparing for the application process before submitting. Issues and Concerns: While Teach for America is in many ways an excellent program, there are some concerns of which teachers should be aware. While according to studies including a recent one by the Urban Institute, teachers who work with Teach for America are in fact more effective than their traditional counterparts. On the other hand in terms of the experience for teachers, some new TFA teachers feel unprepared to be thrown into such a challenging teaching environment. It is important for any potential participant to fully investigate the Teach for America program and if possible speak with those who have actually participated in it.

Graffiti Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Graffiti - Research Paper Example T is from these motivations that graffiti is categorized into four. These are ideological, conventional, tagging and gangs. Ideological graffiti is where artist make discriminative, offensive and political symbols or slogans in public areas. This type of graffiti is normally motivated by politics, anger, defiance, hostility and hate. Conventional graffiti is where people put down simple messages on surfaces and paintings in public places. This type of graffiti is usually random and is normally done very quickly. It lacks an artistic touch since it is not mercenarily done by artist hence it has no theme or agenda in them. Conventional graffiti is often associated with adolescence who usually do it during their leisure time. A good example is where one writes a message such as â€Å"Daniel was here† on a public wall or surface. Gang graffiti is a category is the type of graffiti where different gangs mostly in cities spray or inscribe their name or symbol on a public surface or wall to illustrate that that area is their territory. Gang graffiti is usually a mode of communication to other gangs to avoid doing business both illegal and legal on another gang’s tuff. ... Cave drawings by natives are often regarded as the earliest form of graffiti irrespective of the fact that it did not have an artistic touch. However, the first form of modern graffiti is believed to have begun in ancient Greece specifically the city of Ephesus which is known as Turkey today. This graffiti is somewhat different from the graffiti practiced today in terms of content in that it was used to communicate messages. For example, in the ruins of the city of Ephesus there is a graffiti composed of a foot, a number and a heart which communicate that there was a brothel nearby. This graffiti is found on a stone and mosaic walk away in the city. There are also drawings of bald men on walls in the city which was used to refer to politicians at the time. Scholars have attributed the spread of graffiti from the United States of America specifically the hip hop culture. Graffiti intertwined with the hip hop culture in the United States of America where hip hop slogans were used to co mmunicate to the public through graffiti in the New York subways, bridges among others. For example, one of the notable graffiti done back in the early 20th century is the myriad graffiti which were in the New York subway. Since then, graffiti has spread all over the continent especially in Europe where artist have used this form of unauthorized art to convey different messages and emotions. The ideological graffiti is the most common type of this art which has been used to communicate and illustrates messages that related to the issues I questions. It has been used to convey messages about politics, race, and gender throughout Europe depending on the social or political issue that was going on in Europe during at the time. During the

Causes of the problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Causes of the problem - Essay Example The argument coined in favor of immigration laws are based upon economic benefits accrued from immigrants but on the other hand, the social impact of immigration law has various negative effects since immigrants are perceived as taking valuable resources and undermining sense of national identity of Native Americans (Johnson 111-2). First cause of immigration law as a social problem is that there is great disengagement between Immigrants and political process in U.S since they are not treated as citizens but as people who belong to a particular group. This in turn makes immigrants feel discriminated and less inclined as citizens of U.S political process which creates a rift between Native people and Immigrants thus encouraging hostile co-existence. The second cause is Immigration laws may lead to poverty in the sense that immigrants tend to occupy jobs that are despised by Native population. In turn, when natives fail to acquire their dream jobs, they develop hatred towards immigrants because they view them as population who has come to benefit in their home country at their expense (Johnson 132-4). At the end, hatred develops into conflicts and tensions which may eventually lead to separation of families if immigrants were married to native people or when fleeing conflicts, some family members tend to disappear. Lastly, immigration laws lead to cultural tensions. Historically, people who are culturally different usually have issues with one another since some people are prejudiced towards anyone who does not belong to their culture. Native Americans feel that they are concerned about the identity of the U.S as being threatened by immigrants in U.S (Johnson 191-2). Immigration laws have failed to conform and address the issue of identity in U.S. There is cultural tension between natives and immigrants which is a big social problem in

Iraq and the Middle East Essay Example for Free

Iraq and the Middle East Essay worship of a god or gods or any such system or belief and worship. Religion may also refer to an activity, which some one is extremely ecstatic about and regularly. Social is an occasion when one member of a group or organization meet informality to enjoy him or herself. Economic is a system of trade and industry by which the wealth of a country is made and used. Dynamics are forces or processes that produce change inside a group or system. Cellular government not having any connection with religion. Islamic government will be one holding strong Islamic values. In the modern Iraq, a secular government will be most appropriate because the nation at the moment has immigrants form all parts of the world. Non Iraq vitas aimed at improving Iraqis economic performance and all people in the country are relevant therefore having an Islamic government will isolate some of the population and this may hinder their productivity toward nation building and it will be to the disadvantage to the public relations of Iraq. Iraq needs to lease with other nations, which may not have so much of Muslims. Different ethnicities have different culture and values and should be respected. A secular government will ensure that all the population’s interests are met and laws passed will not be based. Non-Islamism may feel rejected, isolated and affected in an Islamism government and may not be sue nationalists. For a citizen to be proud of his country / nation, his interests should be considered by the government in power and an Islamism government will not favour this. At nation – state is one that is sovereign, self-principled, political or even geographical entries. A secular government will therefore promote culture and balancing of ethnicity in the modern Iraq, which has no Islamists. Ethnic and religious groups are seeking to promote nationalism, which is the self-pride of somebody’s county. In the modern Iraq there are christens at the moment. Improving Iraq public relations with the international community calls for respect of all ethnic and religious groups. Some times back, non-Muslims could be executed, jailed for life or even deported. This created a bail relationship with the United States of America and it prompted the United Nations to work with ethnic and relations groups in Iraq to promote nationalism. People with different ethnic beliefs and values are being respected. Nation states come in with nationalism but it may be to the disrespect of humanity, the freedom to speak and the freedom to worship Nation state is particular form of a county, which aims at providing a power of a country to control its own government and gain its legitimacy form that purpose. Citizens of a nation state have a common language values or even culture and it is not the case for many states in history Nation states have determination and can govern it or organize its own activities. Nationalism is therefore enhanced in nation-states. Nationalism is the desire for and attempt to achieve political independence for your county or nation. It also impulse an effect comes for your own country. Iraq needs relationship partnership with other anions for its economic success in both growing and development. Therefore ethnic and religious groups are not interested in a nationalist in order to promote respect for all citizens’ beliefs, culture and language. In conclusion, having a common language, values or event culture is old fashioned. It may promote and enhance the muscling religion and self-determination of the nation. On the other side this may cause misunderstandings with world European like the United States of American. References Cia: Iraq / the Middle East instate. 2005 see www. mideasti. org/country/iraq Retrieved on 10/26/2007 ZehariO. MiddleEastandJewishStudies. Columbia. 1997 See http://mitworld. mit. edu/video/272/Retrieved on 10/26/2007

Sensitive Groups And Social Issues :: essays research papers

Sensitive Groups and Social Issues   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors have contributed to the heightened awareness of sensitive groups and social issues where marketing is concerned. The article Sensitive Groups and Social Issues has brought to light the causes, pitfalls, pro-active strategies, and benefits of addressing these social issues. Due to the fact that consumer markets and values are constantly changing, it is important to address these issues head on. A few of the key issues discussed in the article that relate to the text readings are the marketing concept, social responsibility, and changing demographics. Addressing such issues will not only satisfy the sensitive and social groups involved, but open new and potentially profitable opportunities for companies that do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main points that I found useful in the article was how marketing to sensitive and social groups paralleled that of the marketing concept. Successful companies have to fill the needs and wants of their consumers. Sensitive and social groups are part of every companies market. Each company's products and services should be customized to that of their customers. This is called mass customization. How a company defines its social responsibility is also part of the marketing concept. If a company does not care to be viewed as socially responsible, then they will not care how they market products to those groups and the company will suffer. Relationship marketing is a part of the marketing concept and strongly applies to this article. A company wants to build trust with its customers in order to build customer loyalty and a long-term bond. This gives the customer a value-added feature of doing business with a particular company. In marketing orientated companies, the customer's needs have to be targeted and different social classes or issues need to be taken into account. If a company does not take different sensitive and social groups into account when marketing, then they will not build a feeling of goodwill with the consumers. The consumer will think that the firm cares more about selling its goods than the consumer. The firm's social responsibility should be taken into account and work hand-in-hand with the marketing concept. A firm's interests may not portray societies best interests. This is where the societal marketing concept comes into play. Our text states that the marketing concept can be work together with social responsibility. The firm must extend the breadth and time dimension of its marketing goals.

Gender Boundaries in Pleasantville and 1984

Gender boundaries are established in 1984 through sexual repression, which is shown through costume. The restrictions placed on the party members in 1984 include every party member (both male and female) have to wear ‘ugly’ overalls. This plays its part in undefined gender roles. This boundary is broken in a number of ways. First of which is when Winston has sex with the prole prostitute, another is when Winston and Julia use Mr Clarington’s shop as a place for having sex, (this is broken even more as it is in the prole district). It is also broken when Julia puts on make-up which is seen as a luxury. Pleasantville explores gender boundaries are established through single beds, no colour, no sex, and lack of knowledge. Make up also plays an important role in breaking boundaries in Pleasantville as it did in 1984, when Betty puts on make up to cover the fact that she has turned into a ‘coloured’ person. Bud and Mary-Sue are agents for change in Pleasantville ad bud educated Mr Johnson and the rest of the Pleasantville population by filling in the books, putting out the fire, showing them colour. Mary-sue educated betty by teaching her what sex is. Repeated scenes in Pleasantville ensure that there is no change in their world, such as George walking home every afternoon, putting his briefcase down, and saying ‘honey, I’m home’. This is broken when he gets no reply from his wife, as Betty is out with Mr Johnson.

Godiva Chocolates Essay

A family by the name of the Draps began creating these amazing, little chocolates in Brussels, Belgium in 1926. Pierre Draps, in particular, was the man behind the chocolate. He started selling his chocolates to local shops to get business going. After World War II, Pierre’s son, Joseph, took control of the business. Joseph wanted to open a store of his own and asked his wife for insight on a name. His wife recommended the name â€Å"Godiva,† after the Lady Godiva who was famous for protesting high taxes by riding her horse nude through Coventry, England. After the opening of Godiva in the Brussels’ Grande Place, the Draps family realized that it was a huge success. With that being said, it was decided to expand the business, and more stores were opened throughout Belgium. Joseph’s idea was to have his company be a â€Å"premium chocolate company. † He wanted to use the most classy and elegant advertisement, as well as packaging. The family strived to have smooth, rich, and delicious chocolate. They decided they would only use the finest of ingredients, found throughout the world, to ensure the best tasting chocolate. At first, Godiva started off with a rich chocolate shell, filled with basic â€Å"ganache,† which is rich chocolate fudge, or a hazelnut praline filling. As time went on, the Draps began to create many more flavors and textured chocolates. The most famous chocolate creation was the Comtesse. This chocolate was made particularly to rejoice the Lady Godiva. It consisted of a creamy chocolate center with either a milk or dark chocolate outer layer. After the Comtesse came the Autant. The Autant was a chocolate leaf shaped milk chocolate that was hand-decorated and filled with a coffee-chocolate cream. This chocolate was made to honor the opening of the production â€Å"Gone With the Wind†, in 1939. There were several other chocolates designed and created to recognize a certain date or event; the Fabiola was a chocolate that was created in 1958 for the engagement of Queen Fabiola and King Baudouin I, the Golf Ball was a chocolate created to recognize Belgium’s King Leopold III passion for golf. In 1958, the Godiva company expanded to Paris and then to the United States. While expanding, the company also decided to invest with Pepperidge Farm and Campbell Soup. In 1972, Godiva finally opened its first store in the United States. The store was located in a high end part of New York City. Being a company that focuses on elegance and perfection, Godiva displayed its products as if they were diamonds, shining in their cases. Creation of New Products In the early 1990’s, the chocolatiers realized that they needed to keep up with the latest trends. Godiva introduced the Cafe Godiva portion of their company in 1993. The Cafe Godiva brought a variety of coffees, chocolate liquors, cocoa mixes, single serving pastries, and also cookies. With this new product line, Godiva saw a huge increase in their sales. Though Godiva is a European chocolate company, it was understood that Americans enjoy sweeter chocolate than most Europeans. Europeans typically eat a richer chocolate that is not very sweet at all, but actually considered â€Å"intense. † Godiva realized that tastes change over time. Currently, Godiva is adjusting its product line and are incorporating more European-like chocolates. Godiva is also changing most of its chocolates and candies. Instead of the outer shell being thick, Godiva is thinking about thinning the outside. The Chocolate Making Process The making of the delicious Belgium chocolates begins with the cocoa bean. After the beans are harvested, they are dried and carefully inspected for good quality. The beans the Godiva uses are considered to be the best of all the cocoa beans. They are shelled to expose cocoa nibs, which are then baked to release their intense aroma. After the beans are ready, the next step is to create the cocoa liquor. The chocolate liquor is the most important part of the chocolate making process, after all, that is where the chocolate gets its entire flavor. The liquor is created by grinding the nibs to a point when liquid begins to evolve. The liquid is extremely fine and consists of cocoa butter and cocoa particles. When creating the fillings, Godiva refuses to use any preservatives and artificial flavorings. Separating them from other chocolate companies, Godiva uses Grade A dairy butter and heavy cream to create their creamy and delicious fillings. Godiva is well known for its beautiful and unique shaped and designed chocolates. This was intentional; Godiva wants their products to be recognized when they are seen. Their shapes, molds, and designs represent everything there is to fine chocolate. The â€Å"Look† of Godiva In the initial openings of Godiva stores, the stores were designed to look similar to a jewelry store. There were pink marble counter tops with black lacquer, representing a very clean and classy look to them. In 1994, the company decided to take a risk and redesign the stores. The new stores would consist of bleached wooden floors, creamy white counter tops, and cherry wood cabinets. This new design was created to show a more welcoming and cozy feel to customers. As the new design was taking place, Godiva changed their set-up of their display. There were new single serving chocolates put out for the customer to browse at, as well as their prices. Instead of having their store look appealing to only the â€Å"wealthy† population, the store was recognized but all chocolate lovers. Thought Godiva changed the look of the interior of the store, their â€Å"perfect chocolate† image still remained. The expressed their image through creative advertisement and packaging. The advertisement campaign that Godiva uses is called â€Å"silhouettes. † Their chocolates are packaged in a way that looks appealing to the eye, using warm colors for all their packing. The packing consists of an assortment of golden boxes, ribbon, silk flowers, collectors’ tins, and colorful wrapping paper. Today, their famous assortment is known as the Gold Ballotin. This assortment is available in seven different sizes, and is used for all occasions and events. The Ballotin is a gold box with the Godiva logo located on the top of it, followed by a gold silk ribbon wrapped around it. Godiva named their assortment the â€Å"ballotin,† after the French word â€Å"ballot. † The world in French meant small package of goods for sale. Godiva Today Godiva has continued to expand their company worldwide. In 2009 Godiva began opening stores in Malaysia, Singapore, and even Taiwan. More recently, Godiva opened its first store in Turkey in September of 2010. The most recent event and accomplishment for Godiva is the opening of a Cafe Godiva in one of London’s well respected stores, Harrod’s Department Store. Today the Godiva name and brand is well known, respected, and loved in over 80 countries. Godiva now owns and runs more than 450 stores around the world. At all the stores, you are able to find an extensive selection of chocolates and products. With that being said, Godiva is able to suit anyone’s needs and give you the best of Belgium, all the way from New York to Taiwan.

How to Write the Perfect Harvard Essay 3 Expert Tips

How to Write the Perfect Harvard Essay 3 Expert Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Aiming for the world-renowned Harvard University? As part of the application to this prestigious Ivy League school, you'll have the option to submit a supplemental essay.But what should you write about for your Harvard essay? What are the different Harvard essay prompts to choose from, and how should you answer one so you can give yourself your best shot at getting in? In this guide, we give you advice for each Harvard essay prompt as well as tips on whether you should choose a particular prompt. But before we look at the prompts, let’s go over what Harvard actually requires in terms of essays. Feature Image: Gregor Smith/Flickr What Essays Do You Need to Submit to Harvard? Those applying for admission to Harvard must submit an application through either the Common Application, the Coalition Application, or the Universal College Application (UCA).For your Harvard application, you’ll need to write a personal essay in response to one of the prompts provided by the Common App, Coalition App, or UCA (depending on the system you’re applying through). This essay is required for all applicants and should typically be about 500-550 words long (and must be less than 650 words). To learn more about this essay, check out the current prompts for the Common App, Coalition App, and UCAon their official websites. In addition to this required essay, you have the option of submitting another essay as part of the Harvard supplement. The Harvard supplement essay, as it’s known, is completely optional- you may, but do not need to, write this essay and submit it with your application. This essay also hasno word limit, though if you do write it, it’s best to stick to a typical college essay length (i.e., somewhere around 500 words). Harvard advises applicants to submit this supplemental essay"if [they] feel that the college application forms do not provide sufficient opportunity to convey important information about [themselves] or [their] accomplishments." Options for essay topics are very open ended, and you have a total of 10 topics from which you can choose (11 if you include the fact that you may also "write on a topic of your choice"). Here are the 2018-19 Harvard supplement essay prompts: You may write on a topic of your choice, or you may choose from one of the following topics: Unusual circumstances in your life Travel, living, or working experiences in your own or other communities What you would want your future college roommate to know about you An intellectual experience (course, project, book, discussion, paper, poetry, or research topic in engineering, mathematics, science or other modes of inquiry) that has meant the most to you How you hope to use your college education A list of books you have read during the past twelve months The Harvard College Honor code declares that we "hold honesty as the foundation of our community." As you consider entering this community that is committed to honesty, please reflect on a time when you or someone you observed had to make a choice about whether to act with integrity and honesty. The mission of Harvard College is to educate our students to be citizens and citizen-leaders for society. What would you do to contribute to the lives of your classmates in advancing this mission? Each year a substantial number of students admitted to Harvard defer their admission for one year or take time off during college. If you decided in the future to choose either option, what would you like to do? Harvard has long recognized the importance of student body diversity of all kinds. We welcome you to write about distinctive aspects of your background, personal development or the intellectual interests you might bring to your Harvard classmates. As you can see, some of these topics are more specific and focused, while others are more broad and open ended. When it comes down to it, though, should you write the Harvard supplement essay, or skip it altogether? Should You Do the Harvard Supplement Essay? You’re already required to submit a personal essay for your Harvard application- sodo you really need to submit an extra essay? In reality,opinions are mixed on whether you should write the Harvard supplement essay or not. While some people are under the impression that this essay is basically mandatory and that your chances of getting into Harvard without it are slim,others believe that submitting it (especially if you don’t have anything particularly impressive or interesting to write about) is simply a waste of time. So which is it? In general, if you have the opportunity to submit something that you think will only strengthen your college application, definitely do it. By doing this essay, you'lladd more flavor to your application and showcase a different side of your personality. Indeed, inhis review of his successful Harvard application, PrepScholar co-founder and Harvard alum Allen Cheng strongly recommends writing this extra essay. He also notes that it’s likely that most Harvard applicants do, in fact, submit the supplemental essay (as he himself did). Once again, however,this essay is not required for admission to Harvard. Whether you submit a Harvard supplement essay is entirely up to you- thoughI highly recommend doing it! If you’re really struggling to decide whether to do the extra Harvard essay or not, ask yourself the following questions: Do you consider yourself a strong writer? Are there people you trust who could edit and proofread your essay for you? Are you worried aboutother parts of your Harvard application that could negatively affect your chance of admission, such as below-average SAT/ACT scores, a low GPA, etc.? Do you feel that you didn’t get to write about something you really wanted to for the required essay? Is there something you believe the admissions committee should know about you that you haven’t gotten a chance to write about yet? Do you have enough time to dedicate to writing and polishing another essay? Do you think your overall Harvard application is too one-sided or too focused on one aspect of your personality and/or interests? Could your application benefit from more diversity and balance? Hopefully, by answering these questions, you'll start to have a clearer idea as to whether you will write the Harvard supplement essay or not. No need to write the essay on a typewriter- unless you're applying to Harvard 40 years ago. How to Write the Harvard Essay: Every Prompt Analyzed In this section, we go through the 10 possible Harvard supplement essay prompts and offer you tips on how to write an effective, powerful essay, regardless of which prompt you choose. Prompt 1: Unusual Circumstances Unusual circumstances in your life This essay prompt is all about highlighting an unusual situation or event in your life and what kind of impact it ultimately had on you.Harvard asks for this in case applicants want to discuss anything significant that has happened to them and has had a major influence on their academic accomplishments, future goals, perspectives, etc. This is also an opportunity for applicants to discuss any major struggles they have had (that most students their age haven’t had) and the personal effects these experiences have had on their lives. Should You Choose This Prompt? If you grew up with an uncommon lifestyle or had an uncommon experience that you believe had a strong effect on you, this is a good prompt to choose for your essay. For example, perhaps you grew up speaking four languages fluently, or you were the youngest of fourteen children. This is also an ideal prompt to choose if you want to providemore background information for a weak point in your application. For instance, say you contracted a serious illness during your sophomore year, and your many absences caused your GPA to drop.You could then write about how you approached this problem head-on, and how working with a tutor every day after school to raise your GPA ultimately revealed to you an inner strength you never knew you had. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose an experience or situation that is actually uncommon. This doesn’t mean that no one else in the world could have it, but try to focus on something that’s unique and has had a big impact on your personal growth. As an example, although many teenagers were raised by a single parent, only you grew up with your parent, so concentrate on how this person as well as the overall situation helped to shape your personality and goals. If you’re writing about something that was challenging for you, don’t just conclude that the experience was difficult. What specifically have you learned or taken away from it? Why is it important for the Harvard admissions committee to know this? For instance, say you had to move six times in just two years. You could write that although it was difficult adjusting to a new school each time you moved, you eventually started to enjoy meeting people and getting to explore new places. As a result of these experiences, you now have a lot more confidence when it comes to adapting to unfamiliar situations. Prompt 2: Travel, Living, or Work Experiences Travel, living, or working experiences in your own or other communities This prompt is asking you to discuss experiences you've had that involved traveling, living, and/or working in a specific community (either your own or another) and what kind of effect that experience has had on you. Here are examples of experiences you could talk about for this essay: Living or traveling abroad Moving to a new place or living in multiple places Working a part-time job Working a temporary job or internship somewhere outside your own community Should You Choose This Prompt? If you’ve had an experience that fits or mostly fits one of the examples above and it’s had a large impact on how you see and define yourself as a person, this is a solid prompt for you. On the other hand, do not choose this prompt if you’ve never had a significant experience while traveling or working/living somewhere. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose a truly significant experience to talk about. Although your experience doesn’t need to be life-changing, it should have had a noteworthy impact on you and who you’ve become. If, for example, you traveled to Mexico with your family but didn’t really enjoy or learn much from the trip, it’s better to avoid writing about this experience (and might be better to choose a different prompt altogether!). Make sure to talk about how this travel/living/work experience has affected you. For example, say you spent a couple of summers in high school visiting relatives in South Africa. You could write about how these trips helped you develop a stronger sense of independence and self-sufficiency- traits which have made you more assertive, especially when it comes to leading group projects and giving speeches. Don’t be afraid to get creative with this essay. For instance, if you lived in a country where you at first didn’t understand the local language, you could open your Harvard essay with an anecdote, such as a conversation you overheard or a funny miscommunication. "Dear future roommate: will you please play in the fall leaves with me?" (MjZ Photography/Flickr) Prompt 3: Your Future College Roommate What you would want your future college roommate to know about you Unlike some of the other more traditional Harvard essay prompts on this list, this prompt is a little more casual and really lends itself to a creative approach. For this prompt, you’re writing an essay that’s more of a letter to your future college roommate (remember, however, that it’s actually being read by the Harvard admissions committee!). You'll introduce who you are by going over the key traits and characteristics that make you you- in other words,personality traits, eccentricities, flaws, or strengths that you believe are critical for someone (i.e., Harvard) to know about you. Should You Choose This Prompt? This Harvard essay prompt is all about creativity and describing yourself- not a specific event or circumstance- so it’s well suited for those who are skilled at clearly and creatively expressing themselves through writing. Tips for Answering This Prompt Focus on your unique attributes.Since you’re describing yourself in this essay, you’ll need to concentrate on introducing the most unique and interesting aspects about yourself (that you also think a roommate would want or need to know). What's your daily routine? Do you have any funny or strange habits or quirks? How did you develop these characteristics? Be true to your voice and don’t pretend to be someone you’re not. Don’t say that you’re always telling jokes if you’re normally a very serious person. Describe yourself honestly, but don’t feel as though you must tell every little detail about yourself, either. Strike a balance: don’t focus only on the positives or negatives. You want to come across as a strong applicant, but you also want to be realistic and authentic (you're human, after all!). Therefore, try to find balance by writing about not only your strengths and positive attributes but also your quirks and flaws. For instance, you could mention how you always used to run late when meeting up with friends, but how you’ve recently started working on getting better at this by setting an alarm on your iPhone. Prompt 4: An Intellectual Experience An intellectual experience (course, project, book, discussion, paper, poetry, or research topic in engineering, mathematics, science or other modes of inquiry) that has meant the most to you. With this prompt, Harvard wants you to focus on an intellectual or learning experience that's had a big impact on you in terms of your personal growth, your academic/intellectual interests and passions, the field of study you want to pursue, etc. This intellectual experience could be anything that's intellectually stimulating, such as an essay or book you read, a poem you analyzed, or a research project you conducted. Note that this experience does not need to be limited to something you did for school- if you’ve done anything in your spare time or for an extracurricular activity that you think fits this prompt, feel free to write about that. Should You Choose This Topic? This is a good prompt to choose if a certain intellectual experience motivated you or triggered an interest in something you really want to study at Harvard. For example, you could write about how you found an old copy of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species at a garage sale, and how reading this prompted you to develop an interest in biology, which you now intend to major in and eventually make a career out of. This is also an ideal prompt to pick if you want to highlight a particular interest or passion you have that differs from the academic field you want to study in college. For instance, perhaps you’re applying for admission as a computer science major, but you’re also a huge fan of poetry and often take part in local poetry readings.Writing about a poem you recently read and analyzed could illuminate to the admissions committees a different, less prominent side of your personality and intellectual interests, ultimately showing that you’re open minded and invested in gaining both new skills and experiences. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose an experience that had a significant impact on you. Don’t talk about how reading Romeo and Juliet in eighth grade made you realize how much you enjoyed writing plays if you were already writing plays way before then! If you can’t think of any memorable intellectual experience to write about, then it's best to opt for a different prompt. Be specific about the intellectual experience you had and clearly relate it back to your strengths and interests. In other words, what kind of impact did this experience have on you? Your academic goals? Your future plans? For example, instead of writing about how a scientific paper on climate change made you think more deeply about the environment, you could talk about how this paper prompted you to form a recycling program at your school, take a class on marine biology, and so forth. Prompt 5: Your Future Goals How you hope to use your college education This Harvard essay prompt is pretty self-explanatory: it wants you to discuss how you intend to use your education at Harvard after you graduate- so in a future job or career, in grad school, in a particular research field, etc. Basically, how will your college education help you achieve your future goals (whatever those may be)? Should You Choose This Prompt? If you have a pretty clear vision for your future goals during and after college, this is a perfect prompt to choose for your Harvard essay. If, on the other hand, you’re still undecided about the field(s) you want to study or how you intend to use your major, you might want to choose a different prompt that's less focused on your future and more concentrated on how past events and experiences have shaped you as a person. Tips for Answering This Prompt Be careful when talking about your future goals. You don’t want to come off too idealistic, but you also don’t want to sound too broad or you’ll come across unfocused and ambivalent. Try to strike a balance in how you discuss your future dreams so that they’re both attainable and specific. Clearly connect your goals back to your current self and what you’ve accomplished up until this point. You want to make it clear that your goals are actually attainable, specifically with a Harvard education. If you say you hope to start your own interior design business after graduation but are planning to major in biology, you’re only going to confuse the admissions committee! Emphasize any ways Harvard specifically will help you attain your academic goals. For example, is there a club you hope to join that could connect you with other students? Or is there a particular professor you want to work with? Don’t just throw in names of clubs and people but specifically explainhow these resources will help you reach your goals. In short, show Harvard that what they can offer you is exactly what you need to succeed. Books: the least stable form of reading chair. Prompt 6: List of Books A list of books you have read during the past twelve months Of all Harvard essay prompts, this one is by far the most unique. Here, you're asked to simply list the books you’ve read in the past year. This essay is more than just a list, though- it’s a brief overview of where your intellectual interests lie. These books may include works of fiction or nonfiction, essays, collections of poetry, etc. Should You Choose This Prompt? Have you read a lot of diverse and interesting books in the past year? Are you an avid reader who loves dissecting books and essays? Do you enjoy a creative approach to college essays?If you answered yes to these questions, then this prompt is a perfect fit for you. Even if you haven’t read a ton of books this past year, if you were especially intrigued by some or all of what you did read, you could certainly use this prompt for your essay. Tips for Answering This Prompt Instead of just listing the titles of books you’ve read, you might want to includea short sentence or two commenting on your reaction to the book, your analysis of it, why you enjoyed or didn’t enjoy it, etc., after each title. Be sure to vary up your comments so that you’re highlighting different aspects of your personality. Also, don’t just regurgitate analyses you’ve read online or that your teacher has said- try to come up with your own thoughts and interpretations. Don’t feel the need to stick to only the most "impressive" books you read. The Harvard admissions committee wants to see your personality, not that of a pretentious applicant who claims to have only read Jane Austen and Ernest Hemingway. Be honest: if you read Twilight in a day, why not make a short joke about how addictive it was? Go beyond a chronological list of books. It’ll be far more interesting if you list the books you read in a more unique way. For example, you could organize titles by theme or in the order of how much you enjoyed them. Not everything is black and white. This sign, for example, is black and yellow. Prompt 7: Honesty The Harvard College Honor code declares that we "hold honesty as the foundation of our community." As you consider entering this community that is committed to honesty, please reflect on a time when you or someone you observed had to make a choice about whether to act with integrity and honesty. As you can see with this quotation, Harvard strongly values honesty and integrity. Therefore, if you go with this prompt, you’re essentially telling Harvard that you, too, embody a powerful sense of morality and honesty. Should You Choose This Prompt? Here are some questions to think about to help you determine whether you should choose this Harvard essay prompt: Was there a specific time in your life when you had to make a difficult choice to be honest about something with someone? Could this incident be considered morally ambiguous? In other words, was the "right thing to do" somewhat of a gray area? If you didn't make the "right" choice at the time, how did you come to terms with or learn from this decision? What were the consequences, and what did this experience teach you about your own morals and how you value honesty? Tips for Answering This Prompt Be wary of the topic you choose to write about.Don’t discuss a situation in which you did something obviously unethical or, worse, illegal. These types of situations are very black and white and therefore don’t pose much of a moral dilemma. Additionally, talking about such an experience might make you seem dishonest and immoral, which you absolutely do not want Harvard to think about you! Try to find a topic that isn’t black and white. Choosing "gray" incidents will help emphasize why the choice was so difficult for you and also why it's affected you in this way. For example, say your friend calls you crying right before you have to leave to take the SAT. Do you skip the test to comfort your friend, or do you hang up and leave? This kind of situation does not have an evident "right" answer, making it an ideal one to use for this essay. You could also discuss a time when you didnotmake the "right" choice- and what you learned from that mistake.As long as you look closely at why you made the "wrong" choice and what this incident taught you about integrity, your essay will be interesting and relevant. Knight: "Your Majesty, we've lost the king!" Queen: "Pfft, so what? I can lead just fine without him!" Prompt 8: Citizens and Citizen-Leaders The mission of Harvard College is to educate our students to be citizens and citizen-leaders for society. What would you do to contribute to the lives of your classmates in advancing this mission? This prompt might sound a little vague, but all it wants to know is how you'll have a positive impact on both your classmates and on other people after graduation. Put simply, what kind of leader/citizen will you be at Harvard? After you graduate from college and enter the real world? This prompt is similar to Prompt 5 in that it wants to know what kind of person you'll become after you leave college and how you'll positively influence society. Should You Choose This Prompt? If you’re a natural-born leader and have had at least a few significant experiences with leading or facilitating things such as club activities, field trips, volunteer efforts, and so on, then this Harvard essay prompt would be a great fit for you. Tips for Answering This Prompt Focus on a time when you led others and it resulted in a positive outcome. For instance, you could write about your position as team captain on your school’s soccer team and how you would gather your teammates before each game to offer words of encouragement and advice on how to improve. You could then describe how your team began to perform better in games due to clearer communication and a stronger sense of sportsmanship. Make sure to answer the critical question: how did you lead and what ultimately made your leadership style successful? Discuss what kind of role your leadership skills will have at both Harvard and after you graduate. The prompt is asking about your classmates, so you must specifically address how your leadership skills will contribute to the lives of your peers. How will your past experiences with leading help you approach group projects, for example? Or clubs you join? Make sure to mention how you'll be a good citizen, too.By "citizen," Harvard essentially means a productive member of both the school and society in general. Basically, how have you contributed to the betterment of society? This is a good place to talk about experiences in which you played a crucial supporting role; for instance, maybe you helped out with a local volunteer initiative to feed the homeless, or maybe you joined a community project to build a new park in your town. Sometimes you need a little time away from school to find your way. Prompt 9: Taking Time Off Each year a substantial number of students admitted to Harvard defer their admission for one year or take time off during college. If you decided in the future to choose either option, what would you like to do? Here, you’re being asked what you plan to do with your time if you decide to defer your admission to Harvard or take time off during college. For example, will you travel the world? Work a full-time job? Do an internship? Take care of a sick relative? Obviously, Harvard doesn’t want to read that all you’re going to do is relax and play video games all day, so make sure tothink carefully about what your actual plans are and, more importantly, how these plans will benefit you as a person and as a student. Should You Choose This Prompt? Only choose this Harvard essay prompt if you’re pretty certain you’ll be taking time off from college at some point (either before or during) and youhave a relatively concrete idea of what you want to do during that time. Tips for Answering This Prompt Be specific and honest about your plans. While many students like to take time off to travel the world, you don't just want to write, "I plan to backpack Europe and learn about cultures." Think critically about your desires: why do you want to do this and how will this experience help you grow as a person? Don’t just reiterate what you think Harvard wants to hear- be transparent about why you feel you need this time off from school to accomplish this goal. Be clear about why you must do this at this particular time.In other words, why do you think this (i.e., before or during college) is the right time to do whatever it is you plan to do? Is it something you can (or must) do at this exact time, such as a one-time internship that won’t be offered again? Use your essay to stand apart from other Harvard applicants. Or you could just grab a magical yellow umbrella and float away. Your call. Prompt 10: Diversity Harvard has long recognized the importance of student body diversity of all kinds. We welcome you to write about distinctive aspects of your background, personal development or the intellectual interests you might bring to your Harvard classmates. This final Harvard essay prompt is all about what you can bring to campus that will positively contribute to student diversity.Though we tend to think of race/ethnicity when using the word "diversity," you can actually interpret this word in a number of ways. As a large and prestigious institution, Harvard strongly values students who have different and unique backgrounds and experiences, so it’s important for them to admit students who embody these values as well. This prompt is essentially a version of the diversity essay, which we talk about in more detail in our guide. Should You Choose This Prompt? The main question to ask yourself before choosing this prompt is this: do you have a unique background or interest you can write about? Here are some key types of diversity you can discuss (note that this is not an exhaustive list!): Your ethnicity or race A unique interest, passion, hobby, or skill you have Your family or socioeconomic background Your religion Your cultural group Your sex or gender/gender identity Your opinions or values Your sexual orientation If any of these topics stand out to you and you can easily come up with a specific characteristic or experience to discuss for your essay, then this a solid prompt to consider answering. Tips for Answering This Prompt Choose a personal characteristic that’s had a large impact on your identity. Don’t talk about your family’s religion if it's had little or no impact on how you see and define yourself. Instead, concentrate on the most significant experiences or skills in your life. If you play the theremin every day and have a passion for music because of it, this would be a great skill to write about in your essay. Be clear about how your unique characteristic has affected your life and growth. You don’t just want to introduce the experience/skill and leave it at that. How has it molded you into the person you are today? How has it influenced your ambitions and goals? Be sure to tie this characteristic back to the diversity at Harvard.Basically, how will your experience/skill/trait positively influence the Harvard student body? For example, if you come from a specific cultural group, how do you believe this will positively impact other students? Want to get into Harvard or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. A Real Harvard Essay Example Our resident full SAT/ACT scorer and co-founder of PrepScholar, Allen Cheng, applied to, got into, and attended Harvard- and he’s posted his own Harvard supplement essay for you to look at. You can read all about Allen’s essay in his analysis of his successful Harvard application. Allen describes his essay as "probably neutral to [his Harvard] application, not a strong net positive or net negative," so it’s important to note that this Harvard essay example is not representative of exactly what you should do in your own Harvard supplement essay.Rather, we’re showing it to you to give you a taste of how you could approach the Harvard essay and to demonstrate the kinds of simple mistakes you should avoid. Writing a Memorable Harvard Essay: 3 Tips To wrap up, here are three tips to keep in mind as you write your Harvard supplement essay. #1: Use an Authentic Voice Having a clear, unique, and authentic voice is the key to making yourself stand apart from other applicants in your Harvard application- and to ensuring you’re leaving a long-lasting impression on the admissions committee. Therefore, write your essay in the way that comes most naturally to you, and talk about the things that actually matter to you.For example, if you love puns, throwing one or two puns into your essay will emphasize your goofier, non-academic side. Using your voice here is important because it humanizesyour application.The essay is the only chance you get to show the admissions committee who you are and what you actually sound like, so don’t pretend to be someone you’re not! The only thing to look out for is using too much slang or sounding too casual.In the end, this is still a college essay, so you don’t want to come off sounding rude, disrespectful, or immature. In addition, don’t exaggerate any experiences or emotions.The Harvard admissions committee is pretty good at their job- they read thousands of applications each year!- so they’ll definitely be able to tell if you’re making a bigger deal out of something than you should be.Skip the hyperbole and stick to what you know. Ultimately, your goal should be to strike a balance so that you’re being true to yourself while also showcasing your intelligence and talents. #2: Get Creative Harvard is one of the most difficult schools to get into (it only has a 5% acceptance rate!), so you'll need to make sure your essay is really, really attention-grabbing. In short, get creative with it! As you write your personal essay, recall the classic saying: show, don’t tell. This means that you should rely more on description and imagery than on explanation. For example, instead of writing, "I became more confident after participating in the debate club," you might write, "The next time I went onstage for a debate, my shoulders didn’t shake as much; my lips didn’t quiver; and my heart only beat 100 times instead of 120 times per minute." Remember that your essay is a story about yourself, so make sure it’s interesting to read and will ultimately be memorable to your readers. #3: Edit and Proofread a Lot My final tip is to polish your essay by editing and proofreading it a lot. This means you should look it over not once, not twice, but several times. Here’s the trick to editing it: once you’ve got a rough draft of your essay finished, put it away for a few days or a week or two. Don’t look at it all during this time- you want to give yourself some distance so that you can look at your essay later with a fresh perspective. After you've waited, read over your essay again, noting any mistakes in spelling, grammar, and/or punctuation. Take care to also note any awkward wording, unclear areas, or irrelevant ideas. Ask yourself: is there anything you should add? Delete? Expand? Once you’ve done this step several times and have a (nearly) final draft ready to turn in, give your essay to someone you can trust, such as a teacher, parent, or mentor. Have them look it over and offer feedback on tone, voice, theme, style, etc. In addition, make sure that they check for any glaring grammatical or technical errors. Once all of this is done, you'll have a well-written, polished Harvard essay ready to go- onethat’ll hopefully get you accepted! What’s Next? If you've got questions about other parts of the Harvard application, check out our top guide to learn what you'll need to submit to get into the prestigious Ivy League school. How tough is it to get into Harvard? To other selective universities?For answers, read our expert guide on how to get into Harvard and the Ivy League, written by an actual Harvard alum! What's the average SAT score of admitted Harvard applicants? The average ACT score? The average GPA? Learn all this and more by visiting our Harvard admissions requirements page. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

4 Interview Mistakes Youre Making That Make You Seem Unqualified

4 Interview Mistakes Youre Making That Make You Seem Unqualified Job interviews are often your best chance of showing that you are the right person for the job. But even if you have all of the ideal experience and talent, if you make a big misstep in the interview, you’ll be passed over for someone else- even if that someone is slightly less qualified than you are. Here are the top 4 mistakes to avoid making. Make sure you don’t give the wrong impression to your interviewer and end up looking less qualified than you actually are!1. Admitting your nervesYou might think that saying you’re sooooo nervous might make you look human and sincere, and while it might be endearing in another social situation, it’s not a very good strategy for interviewing. Remember, you’re supposed to be showing yourself in the most professional, calm-under-pressure, capable light. Besides, if you’re so nervous at the interview, it gives them the chance to imagine you being nervous in the office. Keep calm and fake confidence!2. Not preparingMake sure that you know who is interviewing you, what their role is, what the company does, what you’d be doing- all the basics. Then make sure you have a list of questions ready for when you’re asked what questions you might have. (Then make sure not to ask any of your questions that could be answered by a quick Google). Basically, do your homework. It really shows when you don’t.3. One word answersNo matter how simple the question seems, you should be prepared to elaborate. Remember, every question is a chance for you to shine. Also to cram in details and anecdotes about how much butt you kicked at your last job. Get your selling points across!4. Not asking questionsThat whole â€Å"Do you have any questions for us?† question is not a formality. This is another opportunity for you to go above and beyond- or to fall flat. Make sure, as above, not to ask any questions that could have been answered by doing your proper homework. Be as prepared an d as confident and comfortable as possible and it will feel more like a conversation. Try to come up with interesting, engaging questions in advance that ideally show off the level of preparation you’ve put into your interview.